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K2, also known as Chhogori/Qogir, Ketu/Kechu, and Mount Godwin-Austen (Native Balti name: Chhoghori; Balti/Tibetan script: ཆོ་གོ་རི);Chinese:乔戈里峰; Urdu: چھوغوری), is the second highest mountain in the world after Mount Everest, at above sea level. It is located on the China-Pakistan border〔(Text of border agreement between China and Pakistan )〕 between Baltistan, in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of northern Pakistan, and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China.〔 K2 is the highest point of the Karakoram range and the highest point in Pakistan. K2 is known as the ''Savage Mountain'' due to the extreme difficulty of ascent. It has the second-highest fatality rate among the eight thousanders. With around 300 successful summits and 80 fatalities, about one person dies on the mountain for every four who summit. It is more difficult and hazardous to reach the peak of K2 from the Chinese side; thus, it is usually climbed from the Pakistani side. Unlike Annapurna, the mountain with the highest fatality-to-summit rate (191 summits and 61 fatalities),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stairway to heaven )〕 K2 has never been climbed during winter. == Name == The name K2 is derived from the notation used by the Great Trigonometric Survey of British India. Thomas Montgomerie made the first survey of the Karakoram from Mount Haramukh, some to the south, and sketched the two most prominent peaks, labeling them K1 and K2.〔Curran, p. 25〕 The policy of the Great Trigonometric Survey was to use local names for mountains wherever possible〔The most obvious exception to this policy was Mount Everest, where the Tibetan name Chomolungma (Qomolongma) was probably known, but ignored in order to pay tribute to George Everest. See Curran, pp. 29–30〕 and K1 was found to be known locally as Masherbrum. K2, however, appeared not to have acquired a local name, possibly due to its remoteness. The mountain is not visible from Askole, the last village to the south, or from the nearest habitation to the north, and is only fleetingly glimpsed from the end of the Baltoro Glacier, beyond which few local people would have ventured.〔Curran, p. 30〕 The name ''Chogori'', derived from two Balti words, ''chhogo'' ("big") and ''ri'' ("mountain") (چھوغوری ) has been suggested as a local name, but evidence for its widespread use is scant. It may have been a compound name invented by Western explorers〔H. Adams Carter, "A Note on the Chinese Name for K2, 'Qogir'", ''American Alpine Journal'', 1983, p. 296. Carter, the long-time editor of the ''AAJ'', goes on to say that the name ''Chogori'' "has no local usage. The mountain was not prominently visible from places where local inhabitants ventured and so had no local name ... The Baltis use no other name for the peak than K2, which they pronounce 'Ketu'. I strongly recommend ''against'' the use of the name ''Chogori'' in any of its forms."〕 or simply a bemused reply to the question "What's that called?"〔 It does, however, form the basis for the name ''Qogir'' () by which Chinese authorities officially refer to the peak. Other local names have been suggested including ''Lamba Pahar'' ("Tall Mountain" in Urdu) and ''Dapsang'', but are not widely used.〔 Lacking a local name, the name ''Mount Godwin-Austen'' was suggested, in honor of Henry Godwin-Austen, an early explorer of the area, and while the name was rejected by the Royal Geographical Society,〔 it was used on several maps, and continues to be used occasionally.〔H. Adams Carter, "Balti Place Names in the Karakoram", ''American Alpine Journal'', 1975, pp. 52–53. Carter notes that "Godwin Austen is the name of the glacier at its eastern foot and is only incorrectly used on some maps as the name of the mountain."〕 The surveyor's mark, K2, therefore continues to be the name by which the mountain is commonly known. It is now also used in the Balti language, rendered as ''Kechu'' or ''Ketu''〔〔Carter, ''op cit''. Carter notes a generalisation of the word ''Ketu'': "A new word, ''ketu'', meaning 'big peak', seems to be entering the Balti language."〕 ((ウルドゥー語:کے ٹو)). The Italian climber Fosco Maraini argued in his account of the ascent of Gasherbrum IV that while the name of K2 owes its origin to chance, its clipped, impersonal nature is highly appropriate for so remote and challenging a mountain. He concluded that it was ...〔 Quoted in Curran, p. 31.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「K2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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